Glossary of A

Fair Credit Reporting Act

A consumer protection law that regulates the disclosure of consumer credit reports by consumer/credit reporting agencies and establishes procedures for correcting mistakes on one's credit record.

Fair Market Value

The highest price that a buyer, willing but not compelled to buy, would pay, and the lowest a seller, willing but not compelled to sell, would accept.

Fannie 97®

A financing option for a fixed-rate mortgage that offers home buyers a 3 percent down payment loan with a term between 15 and 30 years. The mortgage features a loan-to-value (LTV) percentage of 97 percent, and is designed to expand homeownership opportunities for people with modest incomes. Borrowers must take a pre-purchase home-buyer education session to qualify for a Fannie 97 mortgage.

This is a fixed-rate mortgage, with terms between 15 and 30 years. It is suitable for borrowers who have limited funds for their down payment and closing costs.

Advantages:

-- Requires a down payment of only 3 percent.
-- Provides expanded debt-to-income ratios. For example, you may use up to 33 percent of your gross monthly income for housing expenses each month (instead of the standard 28 percent) and 38 percent for your total monthly debt expenses (instead of standard 36 percent).

Details:

-- You must attend a home buyer education session offered or approved by your lender.
-- To qualify for this loan, you must earn no more than the area median income. There are exceptions to borrower income limits in specified high-cost areas such as metropolitan areas of Boston; New York City; Seattle; Portland, Oregon; Newark, Bergen and Passaic, New Jersey; as well as in the states of California and Hawaii.
-- You must have one month's mortgage payment, or cash reserve, in your savings account after you go to closing.
-- Can be used to buy one-family, principal residences, including condos and planned unit developments. Manufactured homes are also eligible. (Manufactured housing units must be built on a permanent chassis at a factory and then transported to a permanent site and attached to a foundation.)
-- Can be used with Fannie Mae's Community Seconds, Community Land Trust, and Lease-Purchase options.

Fannie Mae

A New York Stock Exchange company and the largest non-bank financial services company in the world. It operates pursuant to a federal charter and is the nation's largest source of financing for home mortgages.

Over the past 31 years, Fannie Mae has provided nearly $2.8 trillion of mortgage financing for over 34 million families.

Fannie Mae-Approved Lender

Fannie Mae-approved lenders can offer the widest range of mortgage products available to meet your needs and can help you find the lowest cost mortgage.

A Fannie Mae approved lender will work with you to help you find the lowest cost mortgage for which you can qualify. Fannie Mae has taken a public stance in favor of consumer rights and against any type of predatory lending. We work with lenders that advance these same rights, not charging exorbitant fees, or steering customers to mortgages that aren't in their best interests.

We also make available to our lenders a set of technology tools, like Desktop Underwriter®, that speed the loan approval process and help reduce its costs. When you work with a Fannie Mae approved lender who uses Desktop Underwriter, you can get your mortgage processed quicker, spend less time on paperwork, and possibly save money in closing costs. So, when you work with a Fannie Mae approved lender, you work with a lender that not only makes credit easier to access and may be more affordable but offers you a streamlined mortgage process.

Fannie Mae approved lenders can also offer you the widest range of mortgage products available -- no matter what your need. Use our Find a Lender feature to locate a lender serving your area to learn about the variety of Fannie Mae mortgage products available.

Fannie Mae Loan Limit

The current Fannie Mae loan limit for a single-family home is $322,700.* The maximum amount for any Fannie Mae mortgage in Alaska, Hawaii, and the U.S. Virgin Islands is 50 percent higher than our loan limits in the rest of the country.

Generally, any mortgage above this limit is considered a "jumbo loan", and will carry a higher interest rate. The amount of money you would save buying a home with a 30-year mortgage financed by Fannie Mae can range from several thousand dollars to as much as $24,600 over the life of a 30-year mortgage.

*The Fannie Mae loan limit is $413,100 for a two-family home; $499,300 for a three-family home; and $620,500 for a four-family home.

Fannie Mae Mortgage

Fannie Mae works to reduce down payment requirements and cut closing costs when developing mortgage products so more dreams of homeownership can come true. Fannie Mae provides technology tools for Fannie Mae approved lenders to use when providing mortgages to home buyers. These tools can help borrowers get their mortgages quicker and cheaper.

Fannie Mae, working with our lender partners, develops and funds mortgages that make it possible for more Americans to own homes. You can find an array of Fannie Mae mortgages, including fixed-rate mortgages, adjustable-rate mortgages, low down payment mortgages, home improvement mortgages, reverse mortgages, special financing mortgages, and others offered through Fannie Mae approved lenders.

What distinguishes Fannie Mae mortgages? Simply put -- you will pay less. Generally, any mortgage above the Fannie Mae loan limit is considered a "jumbo loan", and it will carry a higher interest rate than a Fannie Mae loan.

Another way to distinguish a Fannie Mae mortgage from others is the time and costs involved in getting one. When developing mortgage products, Fannie Mae works to reduce down payment requirements and cut closing costs, so more dreams of homeownership can come true. That's why we provide technology tools for Fannie Mae approved lenders to use when providing mortgages to home buyers. These tools can help borrowers get their mortgages quicker and cheaper. When shopping for a Fannie Mae mortgage, ask whether you can get it approved and processed fast -- and with possible costs savings -- using Fannie Mae's Desktop Underwriter®.

Fannie Mae Properties

Fannie Mae owns, manages, and has available for sale, single-family detached homes, two- to four-unit properties, condominiums, and townhouses in a variety of neighborhoods. The number, type, and sales price may vary substantially. The homes vary in age and may require repairs. Fannie Mae homes are sold through local real estate brokers whose contact information is provided in the Fannie Mae-owned Properties Search results under Resources on fanniemae.com.

Fannie Mae's Community Home Buyer's Program™

An income-based community lending model, under which mortgage insurers and Fannie Mae offer flexible underwriting guidelines to increase a low- or moderate-income family's buying power and to decrease the total amount of cash needed to purchase a home. Borrowers who participate in this model are required to attend pre-purchase home-buyer education sessions.

Fannie Mae's signature low down payment product, the Community Home Buyer's Program lets you use a greater amount of your monthly income toward housing costs compared to other standard mortgage products.

Advantages:

-- Requires a down payment of only 5 percent.
-- You do not need one month's mortgage payment, or cash reserves, in your savings account when you go to closing.
-- Provides expanded debt-to-income ratios. You may use up to 33 percent of your gross monthly income for housing expenses each month (instead of the standard 28 percent) and 38 percent for your total monthly debt expenses (instead of standard 36 percent).

Details:

-- You must attend a home buyer education session offered or approved by your lender.
-- To qualify for this loan, you must earn no more than the area median income. There are exceptions to borrower income limits in specified high-cost areas such as metropolitan areas of Boston; New York City; Seattle; Portland, Oregon; Newark, Bergen and Passaic, New Jersey; as well as in the states of California and Hawaii.
-- Can be used to buy one-family, principal residences, including condos and planned unit developments. Manufactured homes are also eligible. (Manufactured housing units must be built on a permanent chassis at a factory and then transported to a permanent site and attached to a foundation.)
-- Can be used with Fannie Mae's Community Seconds®, Community Land Trust, and Lease-Purchase options.

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

An agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Its main activity is the insuring of residential mortgage loans made by private lenders. The FHA sets standards for construction and underwriting but does not lend money or plan or construct housing.

Fee Simple

The greatest possible interest a person can have in real estate.

Fee simple ownership provides the owner with unrestricted powers to dispose of the owned property as the owner sees fit. Of all types of ownership a person can have in real estate, fee simple provides the greatest amount of personal control.

Fee Simple Estate

An unconditional, unlimited estate of inheritance that represents the greatest estate and most extensive interest in land that can be enjoyed. It is of perpetual duration. When the real estate is in a condominium project, the unit owner is the exclusive owner only of the air space within his or her portion of the building (the unit) and is an owner in common with respect to the land and other common portions of the property.

FHA Coinsured Mortgage

A mortgage (under FHA Section 244) for which the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the originating lender share the risk of loss in the event of the mortgagor's default.

FHA Loans

With FHA insurance, you can purchase a home with a low down payment from 3 percent to 5 percent of the FHA appraised value or the purchase price, whichever is lower.

FHA mortgages have a maximum loan limit that varies depending on the average cost of housing in a given region. In general, the loan limit is less than what is available with a conventional mortgage through a lender.

FHA Mortgage

A mortgage that is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Also known as a government mortgage.

With FHA insurance, you can purchase a home with a low down payment from 3 percent to 5 percent of the FHA appraised value or the purchase price, whichever is lower.

FHA mortgages have a maximum loan limit that varies depending on the average cost of housing in a given region. In general, the loan limit is less than what is available with a mortgage through a lender.

Final Walk-Through Inspection

Your sales contract should include a clause that allows you to examine the property you want to purchase within the 24 hours before closing.

This walk-through, during which you will be accompanied by the real estate sales professional, is your chance to ensure that the seller has vacated the house and left behind whatever property was agreed upon.

Make sure to check that all lights, appliances, and plumbing fixtures are in working order.

You will also want to make sure that all conditions of the sales contract have been met. If they aren't, or you observe major problems, you have the right to delay the closing until the problems are corrected.

One other option is to make sure money to correct the problems is placed in an escrow account at closing to cover the cost of repairs.

Financial Index

An index is a number to which the interest rate on an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) is tied. It is generally a published number expressed as a percentage, such as the average interest rate or yield on U.S. Treasury bills. A margin is added to the index to determine the interest rate that will be charged on ARMs. This interest rate is subject to any caps associated with the mortgage.

The interest rate changes on an ARM are tied to some type of financial index. Some of the most common type of indexed ARMs are:

-- Treasury-Indexed ARMs
-- CD-Indexed ARMs (Certificate of Deposit)
-- Cost of Funds-Indexed ARMs (COFI)
-- LIBOR-Based ARMs

When comparing ARMs, look at how the index to which it is tied has performed recently. Your lender can provide information on how to track the index and a history of the index they use.

Finder's Fee

A fee or commission paid to a mortgage broker for finding a mortgage loan for a prospective borrower.

Firm Commitment

A lender's agreement to make a loan to a specific borrower on a specific property.

First and Second Mortgages

A "first mortgage" is the primary lien against a property. The term is usually coined "first mortgage" only when a "second mortgage" is obtained on a property. A "second mortgage" is a lien that is subordinate to the first mortgage. Usually, the interest rates on second mortgages are slightly higher than the interest rates on a first mortgage. The amount of a second mortgage you can take out will depend on the equity you have built up in your home, the appraised value of your property, your credit history, and any other liens you may have against your property, such as a home equity line of credit.

Borrowers will typically get a second mortgage to tap into the equity they've built in their home -- and use that for home improvements, debt consolidation, medical bills, or other purposes. You apply for a second mortgage with the same process you follow for a first mortgage. However, some of your closing costs may be less.

When you have a first and second mortgage, you theoretically have two loans, both requiring interest and principal payments.

First Mortgage

A mortgage that is the primary lien against a property.

When you have a first and second mortgage, you theoretically have two loans, both requiring interest and principal payments.

Fixed Installment

The monthly payment due on a mortgage loan. The fixed installment includes payment of both principal and interest.

Fixed-Period Adjustable-Rate Mortgages

This type of adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) maintains the same initial interest rate for the first three, five, seven, or 10 years of your loan, depending on the term you choose. Your interest rate then adjusts annually, and can move up or down as market conditions change. Be sure to ask your lender about the interest rate caps for both the annual adjustments and for the life of the loan.

Advantages:

-- Your initial interest rate will be lower than a fixed-rate mortgage, so you may be able to afford more home.
-- You are protected against interest rate increases for the first three, five, seven, or 10 years of the loan, depending on which type of fixed-period ARM you choose.
-- You may have the option to convert your ARM to a fixed-rate mortgage at the first, second, or third interest rate adjustment dates.
-- You have time to improve your financial position (i.e., salary increases) or accumulate additional assets before the interest rate adjusts at the end of the fixed period.

Details:

-- The lifetime interest rate cap for fixed-period ARMs is typically 5 to 6 percentage points above your initial rate. Your annual cap during the adjustable period is typically 1 to 2 percentage points above or below over the current rate.
-- Can be used to buy one- to four-family residences including second homes and condos, co-ops and planned unit developments. Manufactured homes are also eligible. (Manufactured housing units must be built on a permanent chassis at a factory and then transported to a permanent site and attached to a foundation.)

Fixed-Rate Mortgage (FRM)

A mortgage in which the interest rate does not change during the entire term of the loan.

Fixed-rate mortgages, the most popular type of mortgage, offer the peace of mind that your interest rate will remain the same for as long as you have your loan. If you expect to live in your home for many years, having the same interest rate may be your key concern. If you decide that you like the stable, predictable payments of a fixed-rate loan, you have the option of choosing from a variety of repayment terms: 15, 20, and 30 years are the most common. Typically, the longer the term of the mortgage, the more interest you pay over the life of your loan. However, stretching out your repayment term means your monthly mortgage payments will be less than they would be with a comparable shorter-term mortgage. Lenders offer a wide array of fixed-rate mortgages:

Balloon Mortgages
Biweekly Mortgages

Fixture

Personal property that becomes real property when attached in a permanent manner to real estate.

Flood Insurance

Insurance that compensates for physical property damage resulting from flooding. It is required for properties located in federally designated flood areas.

Foreclosure

The legal process by which a borrower in default under a mortgage is deprived of his or her interest in the mortgaged property. This usually involves a forced sale of the property at public auction with the proceeds of the sale being applied to the mortgage debt.

If you repeatedly do not make your mortgage payments on time, your lender could sell your home and evict you from it in a legal procedure called foreclosure. A foreclosure on your property can result in the loss of your home and your good credit rating. Foreclosure is most often a last resort effort that lenders will take if you repeatedly don't make your mortgage payments. Before going to foreclosure, lenders will work with you if you are facing financial hardships to come up with repayment plans that will let you get back on track and remain in your home.

Forfeiture

The loss of money, property, rights, or privileges due to a breach of legal obligation.

Fully Amortized ARM

An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) with a monthly payment that is sufficient to amortize the remaining balance, at the interest accrual rate, over the amortization term.